Assessing The Impact Of Artificial Intelligence On Justice Administration In India
Ashi Vaidya & Dr Jayshree Nandeshwar
DOI:
Abstract
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) is transforming criminal justice systems worldwide. In India, the integration of AI into policing, judicial administration, and correctional systems presents both significant opportunities and complex challenges. AI-driven technologies are increasingly deployed in judicial processes, case management, legal research, and law enforcement, enhancing efficiency, improving decision-making, reducing delays, and expanding access to justice. These developments are particularly relevant in addressing persistent issues such as case backlogs, language barriers, and the urgent need for digital modernization. AI-powered tools—including Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Optical Character Recognition (OCR), predictive analytics, legal chatbots, and translation software—enable automation of repetitive tasks and rapid processing of large datasets. This reduces the time required for investigation and adjudication, minimizes human error in evidence analysis, and assists courts in managing caseloads more effectively, thereby reducing pendency and improving the quality of justice delivery. This paper critically examines the impact of AI on judicial administration in India through a doctrinal and analytical methodology based on secondary sources, including statutory frameworks, government reports, and academic literature. While AI enhances efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility, it also raises concerns relating to privacy, algorithmic bias, transparency, and accountability. AI systems may reflect biases embedded in training data, potentially leading to discriminatory outcomes and undermining judicial discretion. Additionally, the increased use of surveillance technologies raises concerns regarding the right to privacy. The study highlights the absence of a dedicated AI regulatory framework in India and emphasizes the need for capacity building, ethical safeguards, and legal regulation. It concludes that AI must function as an assistive tool, with human oversight remaining central, to ensure alignment with constitutional principles and the goals of justice.