Evaluating the Effectiveness of India’s E-Commerce Consumer Protection Framework A Critical Analysis of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 and E-Commerce Rules, 2020
Gunja Dubey & Prof (Dr) Jayshree Nandeshwar
DOI:
Abstract
The rapid digitization of the Indian economy has shifted consumer behavior from traditional brick-and-mortar stores to sprawling e-commerce ecosystems, necessitating a robust legal overhaul. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of the Consumer Protection Act (CPA), 2019 and the Consumer Protection (E-Commerce) Rules, 2020 in regulating the modern digital marketplace. By analysing the transition from the legacy 1986 framework, the study examines the newfound powers of the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) and the mandatory disclosure requirements for marketplace and inventory-based models. While the framework significantly enhances transparency and addresses “unfair trade practices,” critical gaps remain. This analysis identifies persistent challenges, including the rise of deceptive “dark patterns” in user interfaces, the complexities of cross-border jurisdictional enforcement, and the mounting backlog within consumer commissions. Ultimately, the paper argues that while the legislative intent is progressive, its success depends on technological integration and the urgent resolution of structural judicial delays.